In mathematics, the braid group on n strands (denoted $${\displaystyle B_{n}}$$), also known as the Artin braid group, is the group whose elements are equivalence classes of n-braids (e.g. under ambient isotopy), and whose group operation is composition of braids (see § Introduction). Example applications of braid … See more In this introduction let n = 4; the generalization to other values of n will be straightforward. Consider two sets of four items lying on a table, with the items in each set being arranged in a vertical line, and such that one … See more To put the above informal discussion of braid groups on firm ground, one needs to use the homotopy concept of algebraic topology, defining braid groups as fundamental groups of a configuration space. Alternatively, one can define the braid group purely … See more Generators and relations Consider the following three braids: Every braid in $${\displaystyle B_{4}}$$ can be written as a … See more Relation with symmetric group and the pure braid group By forgetting how the strands twist and cross, every braid on n strands determines a See more Braid theory has recently been applied to fluid mechanics, specifically to the field of chaotic mixing in fluid flows. The braiding of (2 + 1)-dimensional space-time trajectories formed by motion of physical rods, periodic orbits or "ghost rods", and almost-invariant … See more Braid groups were introduced explicitly by Emil Artin in 1925, although (as Wilhelm Magnus pointed out in 1974 ) they were already implicit in Adolf Hurwitz's work on monodromy from 1891. Braid groups may be described by explicit presentations, … See more In analogy with the action of the symmetric group by permutations, in various mathematical settings there exists a natural action of the braid group on n-tuples of objects or on the n-folded tensor product that involves some "twists". Consider an … See more
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Web1 This group consists of all braids on 1 string. It is the trivial group. B 2 The elements in this group are twists of two strings. By giving a twist in one direction the value +1 and a … http://math.columbia.edu/~chaoli/tutorial2012/AllenYuan.pdf infant mortality pictures
Contents The Artin Braid Group - University of Chicago
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